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Burgundy

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"Burgundy for kings, Bordeaux for the nobles, champagne for duchesses," says a French proverb. Burgundy is the home of the finest wines, with resounding names like Corton Charlemagne, Gevrey Chambertin, and Chablis Grand Cru. 

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Burgundy Wine Region

The Burgundy wine region developed between the Rhône Valley and the Paris Basin along a busy trade route that has connected the Mediterranean with Northern Europe since ancient times. The carefully cultivated mosaic of over 1,200 wine parcels ("climats") between Dijon and Beaune, preserved practically unchanged for centuries, has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage since 2015.

The major cultivation areas of Burgundy and their wine styles

The Bourgogne (excluding Beaujolais) predominantly produces white wines. 48 percent of the vineyard area is planted with Chardonnay, 6 percent with Aligoté, 34 percent with Pinot Noir, and 10 percent with Gamay; the rest is shared by Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, César, and a few others. The undisputed stars of the vineyards in northern Burgundy are the white Chardonnay grape and the red Pinot Noir (Spätburgunder), while the other varieties achieve some acclaim further south.

The predominantly continental climate of Bourgogne is influenced by both Atlantic and Mediterranean air currents. Cold winters with occasional late frosts are followed by short, rather mild summers with moderate sun intensity. The robust Chardonnay grape adapts well to various climatic and soil conditions and is vinified in the highest quality, especially in Chablis and on the Côte d'Or. Although Pinot Noir also prefers cooler regions, it reacts much more sensitively to different site conditions.

Chablis

Similar to the adjacent Champagne, chalky soils shape the large hillside locations of Burgundy's northernmost region. In Chablis, almost exclusively dry Chardonnay wines with mineral accents are produced, including the Chablis Grand Cru Les Preuses AOC from Domaine William Fèvre.

The Climats of Côte d'Or - Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune

Among the over 30 Grands Crus of Côte d'Or are some of the most famous wine sites in the world - including Romanée-Conti, Clos de Vougeot, and Chambertin in the Côte de Nuits, as well as Corton and Montrachet in the Côte d'Or, to name just a few. The roughly 370 Grand Crus and Premiers Crus in the heart of Burgundy are exclusively planted with Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. They consist of well over 1,000 precisely delineated parcels, referred to in French as "Climats." The winemaking culture of Burgundy requires consideration of the microclimate and geological characteristics of each Climat - sometimes only a few square meters or one to two rows of vines - during the cultivation, care, and vinification of the grapes. The unique mosaic of vineyard parcels on the eastern slopes of the Côte d'Or has been part of UNESCO World Heritage since 2015.

Côte Chalonnaise and Mâconnais

Both wine growing regions are known for fruity, light Chardonnays. From the Côte Chalonnaise comes a robust, full-bodied Pinot Noir (especially in comparison with the elegant wines from the Côte d'Or). In the Mâconnais, the red grape variety Gamay is also cultivated.

Facts about Burgundy

How can the AOC structure of Burgundy be deciphered?

"Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée" (AOC or AC for short) is a designation of origin granted and controlled by the French state. It establishes regional boundaries as well as quality and production standards for certain agricultural products.

The AOC quality levels in Burgundy:

Grands Crus

The approximately 40 world-famous Burgundy appellations with the Grand Cru seal are found exclusively in Chablis and Côte d'Or. They designate carefully cultivated hillside sites with the best climatic and geological conditions. Excellent examples of Grand Cru sites include Montrachet Grand Cru (Louis Jadot) and Echezeaux Grand Cru AOC (Domaine des Perdrix).

Premiers Crus

More than 550 vineyards in Burgundy are assigned to the second highest quality level. The classification of Premier Cru does not necessarily imply lower quality compared to Grand Cru wines; some Premier Cru sites, such as Nuits Saint Georges 1er Cru, are considered by wine lovers and connoisseurs to be at least equal.

AOC Village 

While Grands and Premiers Crus often bear only the name of the site on the label, the 44 AOC Village in Burgundy are identified by the name of the origin town. Village wines usually come from the plain or from hillside locations that are less favorable in terms of climate.

AOC Régionales and other AOCs

Among the general appellations that define not a specific location, but specifically grape varieties and allowed maximum yield, are Bourgogne, Bourgogne Passetoutgrains, Bourgogne Aligoté, Bourgogne (Grand) Ordinaire, and Crémant de Bourgogne, as well as the more clearly defined AOC Bourgogne Hautes Côtes de Beaune, Bourgogne Haute Côtes de Nuits, Bourgogne Côte Chalonnaise, and Bourgogne Côtes d'Auxerre.

What does "Clos" on the label of many Burgundy wines mean?

Clos are walled vineyards that were often owned by monasteries. The Climat Le Clos de Vougeot, planted with Pinot Noir, for example, originally belonged to the Cistercian monks of Vougeot, is classified as a Grand Cru, and has its own appellation.

What distinguishes a Crémant de Bourgogne from Champagne?

"Champagne" may exclusively refer to sparkling wine from the AOC Champagne. Crémant de Bourgogne is also produced according to the Méthode traditonelle in the departments of Yonne, Côte d'Or, Saône-et-Loire, and Rhône, but in a less elaborate procedure. However, the main difference is the broader range of grape varieties allowed for Crémant: While only Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier, and Pinot Noir can be used for Champagne production, Crémant de Bourgogne of the highest quality level can also include Pinot Gris. For second-class Crémants, in Burgundy Gamay, Aligoté, Melon, and Sacy are added.

Discover Burgundy wines online at VINELLO

Enjoy top wines from Burgundy at affordable prices from our online shop. At VINELLO, you will find a representative selection of winemakers and wineries from Burgundy. Shopping with us is secure, and you can look forward to a fast delivery of your order. Additionally, we offer a variety of payment options for you to choose your preferred method.

Another advantage at VINELLO: Our sommeliers are available by phone for detailed consultation to introduce you to the world of Burgundy wines. This way, you can more easily and quickly find your favorites, whether for a special occasion, an evening with friends, or for your own private enjoyment.

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